![\"\"](\"http:\/\/uppersouthplatte.org\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/INTRO_TOADFLAX.jpg\" "\\"INTRO_TOADFLAX\\"")
\u00a0 As we deal with these very visible issues, we sometime overlook the less obvious problems.<\/p>\nWelcome Students!<\/p>\n
When it comes to the environment, we tend to \u201csweat the big stuff\u201d like massive forest fires, climate change, and pollution from factories.\u00a0 As we deal with these very visible issues, we sometime overlook the less obvious problems.<\/p>\n
Invasive species are currently the second leading threat to biodiversity.\u00a0 Habitat destruction is the leading threat (http:\/\/www.actionbioscience.org\/biodiversity\/simberloff.html<\/a>).\u00a0 However, unlike pollution and fires, invasive species do not generate much media attention.\u00a0<\/p>\n This module focuses on invasive plant species.\u00a0 Throughout this module you will learn the ecology behind why invasive species can be so destructive.\u00a0 You will gain an understanding of how invasive plants spread, and you will be exposed to some of the methods of removing such plants.<\/p>\n Invasive plants is an issue of concern in the Upper South Platte Watershed.\u00a0 CUSP focuses on noxious weeds, one category of invasive plants.\u00a0 After completing this module, you will have the opportunity to participate in a service-learning day with CUSP staff in the watershed to remove noxious weeds.\u00a0 You will learn first-hand the challenges of removing invasives and the importance of preventing the establishment of invasives.\u00a0 The CUSP staff looks forward to working with you!<\/p>\n Sincerely,<\/p>\n Sarah Lykens Student Information Objectives and Education Standards<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n ACTIVITIES DOCUMENTS and MATERIALS LINKS Case Studies for Managing Invasive Plants.\u00a0 U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management.\u00a0http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/wo\/st\/en\/prog\/more\/weeds\/case_studies.print.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n Early, David.\u00a0 \u201cA Bear Trap Rite of Spring.\u201d U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management, Dillion Field Office.\u00a0 March 2012.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/mt\/st\/en\/info\/newsroom\/steward\/08summer\/beartrap.print.html<\/a><\/p>\n Early Detection & Distribution Mapping System. The University of Georgia \u2013 Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health.\u00a0 (Interactive map.)\u00a0http:\/\/www.eddmaps.org\/tools\/choosecounty.cfm<\/a>.<\/p>\n Legner, E. Fred.\u00a0 Klamath Weed (=St. John\u2019s Wort)\u00a0Hypericum perforatum<\/em>\u00a0L. \u2013 Hypericaceae.\u00a0 University of California.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/faculty.ucr.edu\/~legneref\/biotact\/ch-66.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n Penn State.\u00a0 \u201cIntegrated weed management best response to herbicide resistance.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0ScienceDaily<\/em>, 9 Feb. 2012.\u00a0 Web.\u00a0 March 2012.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2012\/02\/120209135840.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u201cPiedras Blancas Light Stations Outstanding Natural Area Native Plant Restoration.\u201d\u00a0 U.S. Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management, Bakersfield Field Office.\u00a0 March 2012.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/ca\/st\/en\/fo\/bakersfield\/Programs\/pbls\/plant_restoration.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n Plants Database.\u00a0 Natural Resources Conservation Service.\u00a0 United States Department of Agriculture.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/plants.usda.gov\/java\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n Species Management and Control Information: Spotted Knapweed\u00a0Centaurea maculosa<\/em>\u00a0Larmarck or\u00a0C. bierbersteinii<\/em>\u00a0DC.\u00a0 DCNR Invasive Exotic Plant Tutorial for Natural Lands Managers.\u00a0 March 2012.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.dcnr.state.pa.us\/forestry\/invasivetutorial\/Spotted_knapweed_M_C.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n State Resources.\u00a0 National Invasive Species Information Center.\u00a0 United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov\/unitedstates\/state.shtml<\/a>.<\/p>\n Tharayil-Santhakumar, Nishanth. \u00a0\u201cMechanisms of Herbicide Resistance in Weeds.\u201d\u00a0 Plant & Soil Sciences.\u00a0 University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.\u00a0http:\/\/www.weedscience.org\/paper\/Mechanism%20of%20Herbicide%20resistance.PDF<\/a>.<\/p>\n USDA\/Agricultural Research Service.\u00a0 \u201cEliminating weeds could put more cows on the pasture.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0ScienceDaily<\/em>, 28 Apr. 2010.\u00a0 Web.\u00a0 March 2012.\u00a0http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2010\/04\/100428121443.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n REFERENCES Hall, M.\u00a0 \u201cEcological Impact of Invasive Plants\u201d Brown University.\u00a0 Center for Environmental Studies.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.brown.edu\/Research\/EnvStudies_Theses\/full9900\/mhall\/IPlants\/Ecological_Impact.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n Integrated Weed Management.\u00a0 CSIRO.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.csiro.au\/Outcomes\/Food-and-Agriculture\/IWM.aspx<\/a>.<\/p>\n Invasive Plants: Change in Fire Regime.\u00a0 National Invasive Species Information Center.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/alic.arid.arizona.edu\/invasive\/sub8\/p3.shtml<\/a>.<\/p>\n Invasive Plants: Methods of Control.\u00a0 National Invasive Species Information Center.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/alic.arid.arizona.edu\/invasive\/sub3\/p7.shtml<\/a>.<\/p>\n Simberloff, Daniel.\u00a0 \u201cIntroduced Species: The Threat to Biodiversity & What Can be Done.\u201d\u00a0 American Institute of Biological Sciences.\u00a0 2000.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.actionbioscience.org\/biodiversity\/simberloff.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u201cUnder\/Out of Control.\u201d\u00a0 Invasives: Plants on the Move.\u00a0 March 2012.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.weedinvasion.org\/pdfs\/Control\/under_out_of_control.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n United States.\u00a0 Definitions Subcommittee of the Invasive Species Advisory Committee.\u00a0\u00a0Invasive Species Definition Clarification and Guidance White Paper.\u00a0<\/em>Approved April 27, 2006.\u00a0http:\/\/www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov\/docs\/council\/isacdef.pdf<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n United States. Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974 (Summary).\u00a0 January 3, 1975 as amended 1988 and 1994.\u00a0http:\/\/www.thecre.com\/fedlaw\/legal2\/fedweed.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u201cWeed Invasion.\u201d\u00a0 Invasives: Plants on the Move. \u00a0March 2012.\u00a0www.weedinvasion.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n What is Integrated Weed Management?\u00a0 Minnesota Department of Agriculture.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.mda.state.mn.us\/plants\/pestmanagement\/weedcontrol\/whatisiwm.aspx<\/a>.<\/p>\n ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Invasive Plants.\u00a0 August 2008.\u00a0 The United States National Arboretum.\u00a0 March 2012.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.usna.usda.gov\/Gardens\/invasives.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n Plants Database.\u00a0 Natural Resources Conservation Service.\u00a0 United States Department of Agriculture.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/plants.usda.gov\/java\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n State Resources.\u00a0 National Invasive Species Information Center.\u00a0 United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov\/unitedstates\/state.shtml<\/a>.<\/p>\n Volunteers and Invasive Plants: Learning and Lending a Hand.\u00a0 21 August 2008.\u00a0 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/invasives\/volunteersTrainingModule\/bigpicture\/invasives.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Outreach Assistant
Coalition for the Upper South Platte
http:\/\/cusp.ws<\/a><\/p>\n
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<\/strong>The online pre-assessment can be accessed\u00a0here<\/a>. \u00a0Your teacher will give you the access code and your log in name. \u00a0Use the same log in name and get the access code from your teacher for the post-assessment at the end of the module found\u00a0here<\/a>.<\/p>\n
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<\/strong>Ecological Impacts Student Instructions<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/strong>Background Information
<\/a>Vocabulary
<\/a>Plant Invasion Worksheet<\/a>\u00a0<\/a>\u00a0
<\/a>Ecological Impacts Worksheet<\/a>
<\/a>Ecological Impacts Reading<\/a>
<\/a>Management Think Sheet
<\/a>Control Methods Handout
<\/a>Case Studies Summary
<\/a>Mechanical Control
<\/a>Chemical Control
<\/a>Biological Control<\/a>
<\/a>Spotted Knapweed Study<\/a>
<\/a>Spotted Knapweed Management<\/a>
<\/a>Invasives and Economics Article<\/a>
<\/a>Herbicide Resistance Article<\/a>
<\/a>Mechanisms of Herbicide Resistance<\/a><\/p>\n
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<\/strong>Bailey, Nikki.\u00a0 \u201cSpotted Knapweed (Centaurea maculosa): A Study of the effects of a \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 biological control agent by students from Fort Benton High School, MT.\u201d\u00a0 Johnson, E. & Liebers, S.\u00a0 February 2003.\u00a0 Web.\u00a0 March 2012.\u00a0http:\/\/mtwow.org\/spotted-knapweed-Fort-Benton-student-study.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n
<\/strong>C. E. Bell,\u00a0 J. M. DiTomaso, C. A. Wilen.\u00a0 \u201cInvasive Plants.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0UC IPM Online.\u00a0 11\/07.\u00a0 University of California Agriculture & Natural Resources.\u00a0http:\/\/www.ipm.ucdavis.edu\/PMG\/PESTNOTES\/pn74139.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n
<\/strong>Center for Invasive Plant Management.\u00a0 2012.\u00a0 Department of Land Resources of Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT.\u00a0 March 2012.\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.weedcenter.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n